Features of formation scientific and technological policy of the USA: regulatory and legal aspect
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32844/ibpala-2024-1.10Keywords:
science, technology, science and technology policy, science and technology development, state policy, science and technology policyscience and technology policy of the USAAbstract
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of the scientific and technological policy of the United States based on the analysis of key legal acts that influenced the modern policy of the United States in the scientific and technological sphere. It is emphasized that the world leadership of the USA in the scientific and technological sphere is connected not only with the scale of financing, but also with the variety of organizational forms and management methods, the number of sources of financing, the complementary ratio of public and private participation in the support of scientific research, and the purposeful maintenance of the balance between elements scientific and technological sphere. It was concluded that the United States remains the undisputed leader in world scientific and technological development primarily because the importance of science, technology and innovation for the economic development of the country and the need for active state support for science were realized at the earliest stages of the state's history. It is thanks to the correct «bet» on science that the USA has maintained its position as a world scientific leader for many years, surpassing other countries both in the level and dynamics of the development of scientific and technological potential, and in the effectiveness of its use in the interests of public welfare. Conceptual aspects of the effectiveness of the state scientific and technological policy of the USA are defined, which should be taken as a basis for reforming the approaches of the state scientific and technological policy in Ukraine: 1) awareness by state representatives of all levels of power of the necessity and importance of scientific and technological development; 2) correctly and clearly set priorities for state support of science, as well as a wide range of tools for stimulating its development, including direct, indirect and combinatorial tools; 3) close interaction and integration of all representatives of the «triple spiral», education, the commercial sector and the state with purposeful observance of the balance between them; 4) the development of the mechanisms of commercialization of the results of scientific and technological development; 5) scale and stability of funding, diversification of funding sources and instruments; 6) state responsibility for strategic management and development of the scientific and technological sphere.
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